激光熔覆增材制造Al-11Si-5Cu-5Ni-xMn合金的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能研究

    Research on Wear Resistance and Corrosion Resistance of Al-11Si-5Cu-5Ni-xMn Alloys for Laser Additive Manufacturing

    • 摘要: 由于汽车发动机零部件工作条件恶劣,对于高性能铝合金材料的开发是一个重大挑战。本文提出一种新的铝合金成分设计,并采用激光熔覆工艺制备Al-11Si-5Cu-5Ni-x Mn(x=0,2)合金。通过光学显微镜(OM)、SEM、XRD、滑动摩擦磨损实验机、电化学工作站等检测技术对熔覆层的微观结构、元素分布、相组成、耐磨性和腐蚀性进行研究分析。经过分析可知,合金主要由Al3Ni、Al2Cu、Al7Cu4Ni、Al3CuNi、Al15Mn3Si2和Al4Ni3等多种金属间相组成。通过对基体的组织性能对比,激光熔覆工艺制备的两种合金组织紧密,可以归因于激光熔覆快速融化凝固优势;同时具备更多的第二相强化导致合金具有更高的显微硬度,表现出优异的耐磨性。对合金进行电化学分析,通过开路电压,极化曲线以及交流阻抗分析可得出,由于元素的添加使得合金的耐腐蚀性能有所下降。综合分析合金的实验结果,发现Al-11Si-5Cu-5Ni-2Mn合金的综合性能最优。该合金的主要性能为:维氏硬度为120.7 HV、滑动摩擦系数为0.303、摩擦磨损率为5.58mm3/(N·m)、电化学腐蚀开路电位为-0.616 V、腐蚀电位为-0.9979 V、腐蚀电流密度为1.3234×10-5 A/mm2

       

      Abstract: The development of high-performance aluminum alloy materials for automotive engine components is a significant challenge due to the harsh working conditions. A unique aluminum alloy composition was designed and Al-11Si-5Cu-5Ni-xMn(x =0,2) alloy was prepared by laser cladding technology. The microstructure, element distribution,phase composition, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer were investigated using advanced techniques such as optical microscopy(OM), SEM, XRD, sliding friction wear testing machine and electrochemical workstation. The analysis reveals that the alloys are primarily composed of various intermetallic phases, including Al3 Ni, Al2 Cu, Al7 Cu4 Ni,Al3 CuNi, Al15 Mn3 Si2 and Al4 Ni3 . The alloys are prepared by laser cladding exhibit a compact structure with increased microhardness and excellent wear resistance because there is a higher number of second-phase reinforcements. The analysis of the alloy using electrochemical methods such as open-circuit potential, polarization curves, and impedance analysis shows that the addition of certain elements has decreased the corrosion resistance of the alloy. After a comprehensive analysis of the experimental results for various alloys, it is found that Al-11Si-5Cu-5Ni-2Mn alloy exhibits the best overall performance.Some key properties of this alloy are: Vickers hardness of 120.7 HV, sliding friction coefficient of 0.303, friction wear rate of 5.58 mm3/(N·M), open-circuit potential in electrochemical corrosion of -0.616 V, corrosion potential of -0.9979 V, and the corrosion current density of 1.3234×10-5A/mm2.

       

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