薄不锈钢板激光焊接变形分析及控制
Control of Laser Welding Distortion of Thin Stainless Steel Plate
吉沐园， 周一届
点击：3593次 下载：0次
作者单位：江南大学 机械工程学院，江苏 无锡 214122
中文关键字：残余塑变； 激光焊接； 焊接变形； 反变形
英文关键字：residual plastic deformation； laser welding； welding distortion； reverse deformation
中文摘要：为了预测薄不锈钢板激光焊接变形量，并根据预测值采取措施来减小焊接变形，先要分析焊接过程中刚性约束作用、刚性约束和反变形同时作用两种条件下的残余塑性应变，用残余塑变理论计算焊接变形，再把计算值作为预变形量来设计专用夹具。在焊接前对工件施加对应量的反变形，进行激光焊接实验，再用三坐标测量仪测量焊接件。实验结果表明：通过使用夹具对整个工件进行刚性约束和反变形约束，变形量明显减小，跟用残余塑变理论计算出的值基本吻合，工件满足焊接要求。通过对实例的分析，表明对于简单构件的激光焊接，残余塑变理论可以用来预测变形，反变形法是控制焊接变形的有效方法。
英文摘要：In order to predict welding distortion of thin stainless steel plate, some measures were taken to reduce the welding distortion according to predictive values. Firstly, the residual plastic strain under the conditions of the rigid constraints, the combining action of rigid constraints and reverse deformation in the process of welding was analyzed. Using the theory of residual plastic strain to calculate the welding distortion, then the calculated value was taken as the predeformation to design special fixture. The equal reverse deformation on the workpiece was proposed before welding,and the welded workpiece was measured using CMM after laser welding test. The results show that the workpiece welded under the conditions of rigid constraints and reverse deformation can significantly reduce the welding distortion, and the measured value is basically consistent with the calculated value, and meets the requirement of the welding. The theory of residual plastic strain can be used to predict the distortion of simple components, and the reverse deformation is an effective method for controlling the welding distortion.